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conscription law

Толкование Перевод

1 conscription law

Военный термин: закон о воинской повинности

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > conscription law
2 conscription law

закон о всеобщей воинской обязанности, закон о всеобщей воинской повинности

Politics english-russian dictionary > conscription law
3 conscription law

закон о воинской повинности

English-Russian military dictionary > conscription law
4 conscription law

закон о воинской повинности

English-Russian dictionary of terms that are used in computer games > conscription law
5 (a) conscription law

закон о воинской повинности/обязанности

English-Russian combinatory dictionary > (a) conscription law
6 conscription

1. n воинская повинность

conscription of wealth — обложение военным налогом лиц, освобождённых от несения военной службы

conscription law — закон о воинской повинности

2. n призыв на военную службу

Синонимический ряд:

1. military conscription (noun) call of duty; call-up; draft; induction; involuntary recruiting; levy; military conscription; registration for military duty; selective service

2. the number enrolled (noun) enrollment; group; the number enrolled

English-Russian base dictionary > conscription
7 law

n

закон, право; законодательство, правовая норма

to abide by the law — соблюдать закон

to abolish / to abrogate a law — отменять закон

to abuse the law — нарушать закон

to acquire force of the law — приобретать силу закона

to act outside the law — поступать незаконно

to act within the law — действовать в рамках закона

to adhere strictly to the law — строго придерживаться закона

to administer law — отправлять / осуществлять правосудие

to adopt a law — принимать / утверждать закон

to alter / to amend a law — вносить поправки в закон

to annul a law — отменять закон

to apply a law — применять закон

to apply the law to the present case — применять закон к данному делу

to be above the law — быть неподсудным / выше закона / над законом

to be against the law — противоречить закону

to be at law with smb — судиться с кем-л.

to be equal before the law — быть равным перед законом

to be exempt from the law — быть неподсудным / неподвластным закону

to be in accordance with the law — отвечать нормам права

to be recognized in international law — получать международно-правовое признание

to be under martial law — быть на военном положении

to become law — становиться законом

to break a law — нарушать / преступать закон

to bring the force of the law against smb — использовать силу закона против кого-л.

to cancel the martial law — отменять военное положение

to comply with law — соблюдать закон

to contradict existing laws — противоречить существующим законам

to contravene a law — нарушать закон; противоречить закону

to decide one's own laws — определять свое собственное законодательство

to declare martial law — вводить военное положение

to defy law — не подчиняться закону, игнорировать закон

to deny the laws of social development — отрицать закономерности общественного развития

to destabilize law and order — дестабилизировать правопорядок

to displace the law — изменять закон

to draw up a law — разрабатывать закон / законопроект

to drop a law — отменять закон

to enact a law — принимать закон

to enact legislation into law — принимать законопроект, придавать законопроекту силу закона

to enforce law — обеспечивать выполнение закона, следить за соблюдением закона

to enhance international law — повышать роль международного права

to ensure law and order — обеспечивать соблюдение правопорядка

to establish nation-wide martial law — вводить в стране военное положение

to except from the operation of a law — изымать из-под действия закона

to execute a law — исполнять закон

to find ways around the law — обходить закон

to flout law — попирать / не выполнять закон

to follow the law — следовать закону

to go beyond the law — совершать противозаконный поступок; обходить закон

to go to the law — обращаться в суд

to guarantee law and order — гарантировать правопорядок

to have the force of a law — иметь силу закона

to hide from law — скрываться от правосудия

to honor the law — уважать / соблюдать закон

to implement a law — выполнять закон; вводить закон в действие

to impose nation-wide martial law — вводить в стране военное положение

to infringe law — нарушать / преступать закон

to institute / to introduce law — вводить закон

to introduce a wartime emergency law — вводить чрезвычайный закон военного времени

to introduce martial law — вводить военное положение

to invoke law — обращаться к закону

to issue a law — обнародовать закон

to keep law and order — соблюдать правопорядок

to keep in with the law — подчиняться закону, не нарушать закон

to keep the law — соблюдать закон

to keep within the law — держаться в рамках / придерживаться закона

to lay down the law — распоряжаться, командовать

to lift martial law — отменять военное положение

to make a law — издавать закон; составлять закон

to monitor application of a law — следить за применением закона

to nourish the rule of law — укреплять власть закона

to observe the law — соблюдать закон

to offend against the law — нарушать закон

to operate a law in practice — применять закон на практике

to override law — не признавать закон, не считаться с законом

to overstep the law — выходить за рамки законности

to overturn a law — отменять закон

to pass a law — принимать / утверждать закон

to place oneself above the law — ставить себя над законом

to practice law — заниматься адвокатурой / юриспруденцией

to proclaim martial law — вводить военное положение

to promote law and public order — укреплять законность и общественный порядок

to promulgate a law — обнародовать закон

to put a law into effect / operation — вводить закон в действие

to put one's proposals into law — включать свои предложения в закон

to read law — изучать право

to reconsider a law — пересматривать закон

to re-draft a law — переделывать закон

to re-establish the rule of law — восстанавливать законность

to reform a law — изменять закон

to relax a law — смягчать закон

to repeal a law — отменять закон

to respect the laws and customs of a country — уважать законы и обычаи страны

to revise a law — пересматривать закон

to rush a law — протаскивать закон ( через парламент)

to scrap a law — отменять закон

to set oneself above the law — ставить себя выше закона

to stay within the law — оставаться в рамках закона

to strike down a law — не утвердить закон ( в Верховном суде США)

to study law — изучать право

to submit oneself to the law — передавать себя в руки закона

to subvert the law — подрывать закон

to suspend a law — приостанавливать действие закона

to take the law in(to) one's own hands — устраивать самосуд

to take the law of smb — привлекать кого-л. к суду

to tighten (up) a law — ужесточать закон

to unmake a law — отменять закон

to uphold the law — отстаивать закон

to use the full force of the law — использовать всю силу закона

to veto a law — налагать вето на закон

to violate a law — нарушать / преступать / попирать закон

to waive a law — не применять закон

- a new law comes into force
- abuse of the law
- according to the law
- active law
- administration of laws
- administrative law
- air law
- ambassadorial law
- amnesty law
- antilabor law
- antipollution law
- antismoking law
- antiterrorist law
- antitrust laws
- application of the law

- banking law
- basic law
- binding in law
- breach of law
- breakdown of law and order
- business law
- by law
- campaign-financing laws
- canon law
- case law
- changes to the electoral law
- child-labor laws
- civil law
- clemency law
- club law
- code of international law

- commercial law
- common law
- company law
- compliance with law
- conflict of interest law
- conflict with the law
- conscription law
- constitutional law
- consular law
- contrary to law
- contrary to military law
- controversial law
- conventional international law
- cosmic law
- court of law
- criminal law
- crown law
- customary law
- definite law
- development of international law
- discriminatory law
- disdain for the law
- disregard of the law
- doctor of law
- domestic law
- draft law
- ecclesiastical law
- economic law
- economic laws of the development of society
- election law
- electoral law
- emergency law
- enforcement of a law
- existent laws
- existing laws
- export control law
- extension of martial law
- extradition law
- family law
- federal laws
- force of law

- freeze on the implementation of the law
- fundamental law
- general international law
- general law
- gun control law
- gun law prevails
- gun law
- humanitarian law
- immigration laws
- in British law
- in conformity with the law
- in law
- in the eyes of the law
- individual labor law
- infringement of the laws
- institutions of international law
- internal law
- internal security laws
- international administrative law
- international humanitarian law
- international law
- international monetary law
- international private law
- international public law
- international trade law
- international treaty law
- interstate commerce laws
- inviolable law
- irreversible law
- Islamic holy laws
- Jim Crow law
- judicial law
- jungle law
- labor laws
- land law
- language law
- law and order

- law comes into force
- law goes through
- law is in force
- law is invalid
- law is subject to yearly review
- law is the law
- law merchant
- law must be upheld
- law of actions
- law of civil procedure
- law of conflicts
- law of contracts
- law of criminal procedure
- law of international trade
- law of nations
- law of nature
- law of property
- law of state responsibility
- law of succession
- law of the land
- law of the sea
- law of treaties
- law of value
- law on leasing
- law on religion
- law on smth
- law provides for
- law should follow its normal course
- laws and customs
- laws and regulations
- laws are being ignored
- laws governing social development
- laws governing the economy
- laws in force
- laws of historical development of society
- laws of honor
- laws restraining the press
- local law
- loop-hole in the law
- Lynch law
- maritime law
- maritime safety law
- martial law is in force
- martial law
- military law
- minions of law
- municipal law
- national law
- natural law
- nature laws
- no-knock search law
- object of international law
- objective economic laws
- objective laws
- observance of the laws
- offence of law
- outer space law
- passage of the law
- penal law
- political law
- power to execute laws
- press law
- principles of law
- private international law
- private law
- property law
- provision in the law
- public international law
- public law
- race law
- racist law
- responsibility under international law

- restoration of the rule of law
- retreat of the law
- right-to-know law
- right-to-work laws
- rules of law
- secession law
- security law
- segregation law
- settled law
- shield laws
- slip law
- source of law
- space law
- state law
- statute law
- strict observance of the law
- subject of international law
- substantive law
- sunset law
- sunshine law
- system of law
- the spirit and the letter of the law
- under an amnesty law
- under local law
- under the law
- under the new law
- universal historical laws
- vagrancy law
- valid in law

- violation of international law

- wage-restraint law
- war-time laws
- within bounds of international law

Politics english-russian dictionary > law
8 law

[lɔː]
n

закон, право, правило

It's against the law. — Это запрещено законом.

The law was given out in — 1917. Этот закон был издан в 1917 году.

Respect for the law is the foundation of civilized society living. — Уважение к закону - основа цивилизованного общества.

The machinary of the law was set in motion. — В движение пришел механизм законопорядка.

Many of the laws passed by Parliament are never enforced. — Многие законы, принятые Парламентом, никогда не вступают в силу.

A degree in law would be an advantage in the job market. — Ученая степень по юридическим наукам будет преимуществом при получении работы.

Necessity knows no law. — ◊ Нужда свой закон пишет. /Для нужды нет закона.

One law for the rich and another for the poor. — ◊ Закон, что дышло, куда повернул, туда и вышло. /У сильного всегда бессильный виноват.

Possession is nine points of the law. — ◊ Бедному с богатым судиться, лучше в ложке утопиться. /Богатый всегда прав.

- economic law
- wise law
- nature's laws
- old law
- active law
- just law
- fundamental law
- rigorous laws
- mortal law
- criminal law
- civil law
- public law
- common law
- customary law
- administrative law
- municipal law
- regional international law
- Mendeleev's laws
- Grimm's laws
- natural law
- economic laws
- divorce law
- conscription law
- scientific laws
- social laws
- human laws
- moral laws
- marriage laws
- irreversible laws
- Lynch law
- occupation laws
- immigration laws
- war-time laws
- copyright law
- traffic laws
- speed laws
- unwritten laws
- standing laws
- binding laws
- law and order
- law court
- law school
- law department
- law digest
- law firm
- my in-laws
- law of the country
- supreme law of the country
- law against truancy
- law of criminal procedure
- law of treaties
- law of gravity
- laws of harmony
- law of self-preservation
- law of probability
- laws of hospitality
- laws of honour
- laws of the jungle
- laws of football
- protected by law
- regulated by law
- rules set by the law
- rules provided in the law
- process governed by certain laws
- question of law
- doctor of law
- career in law
- letter of the law
- spirit of the law
- force of law
- violation of the law
- according to the law
- before the law
- against the law

- under military law
- under Japanese laws
- in conformity with the law
- according to the laws of the country
- under existing laws
- in accordancewith the letter and spirit of the law
- abide by law
- act according to the law
- adopt a law
- amend the laws
- argue for the new law
- avoid the law
- be equal before law
- be punishable by law
- be at law with smb
- be above the law
- be against the law
- become law
- break the law
- circumvent the law
- comply with the law
- disregard law
- ignore law
- denounes law
- enact laws
- give smb to the law
- go to law
- go in for the law
- have in trouble with the law
- have the law on smb
- keep within the law
- know the law
- maintain law and order
- make severe laws
- obey the law
- observe the law
- practise law
- put the city under martial law
- read for the law
- repeal a law
- resist the law
- square the law with practice
- stretch the law
- study law
- study the laws of thermodynamics
- take the law into one's own hands
- law forbids smb to do smth
- law requires...
- law is punctually kept
- law was put into force
- the law is in force

- Billbecome law
- everyone is equal under the law
- comstitution is the supreme law of the country
USAGE:

Обозначение родства, приобретенного в результате женитьбы, оформляется в английском языке образованием сложного слова с неизменным компонентом - in-law, который присоединяется к любому простому термину родства: son-in-law зять; daught-in-law невестка; father-in-law тесть/свекор; mother-in-law теща/свекровь; brother-in-law днвнрь/зять/шурин; sister-in-law невкстка/золовка/своячеица

English-Russian combinatory dictionary > law
9 conscription

I

(நீதிமன்றம், நாடளுமன்றம், இராணுவம்) கட்டாய அழைப்பு

II

Law

படைக்குக் கட்டாயம் ஆளெடுக்கும் நிலை

III

கட்டாய படைச்சேர்கை

IV

(நீதிமன்றம்

V

நாடளுமன்றம்

VI

இராணுவம்) கட்டாய அழைப்பு

English-Tamil dictionary > conscription
10 закон о воинской повинности

1) Military: Selective Service Act, Selective Service regulations, conscription law, draft law

2) History: the Selective Service Act (1940 г.)

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > закон о воинской повинности
11 набор на военную службу

Law: conscription

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > набор на военную службу
12 draft

1. noun
1) (rough copy) (of speech) Konzept, das; (of treaty, parliamentary bill) Entwurf, der; attrib.

draft copy/version — Konzept, das

2) (plan of work) Skizze, die; [Bau-, Riß-]zeichnung, die

3) (Mil.): (detaching for special duty) Sonderkommando, das; (Brit.): (those detached) Abkommandierte Pl.

4) (Amer. Mil.): (conscription) Einberufung, die; (those conscripted) Wehrpflichtige Pl.; Einberufene Pl.

5) (Commerc.): (cheque drawn) Wechsel, der; Tratte, die

6) (Amer.) see academic.ru/22251/draught">draught
2. transitive verb
1) (make rough copy of) entwerfen

2) (Mil.) abkommandieren

3) (Amer. Mil.): (conscript) einberufen

* * *
1. noun
1) (a rough sketch or outline of something, especially written: a rough draft of my speech.) der Abriß

2) (a group (of soldiers etc) taken from a larger group.) die Abteilung

3) (an order (to a bank etc) for the payment of money: a draft for $80.) die Abhebung

4) ((American) conscription: He emigrated to avoid the draft.) die Einberufung
2. verb
1) (to make in the form of a rough plan: Could you draft a report on this?) abfassen

2) ((American) to conscript into the army etc: He was drafted into the Navy.) einziehen

•

- dodge the draft
- draft dodger
- draft evasion
- draftsman
* * *

draft

[drɑ:ft, AM dræft]

I. n

1. (preliminary version) Entwurf m, SCHWEIZ a. Brouillon m

first \draft erster Entwurf, Konzept nt

preliminary \draft Vorentwurf m

rough \draft Rohfassung f, Rohentwurf m

2. no pl esp AM (military conscription) Einberufung f, Einziehung f, Aufgebot nt SCHWEIZ

\draft card Einberufungsbescheid m, Aufgebot nt SCHWEIZ

\draft order Einberufungsbefehl m, Aufgebot nt SCHWEIZ

3. no pl esp AM (conscripted persons) Wehrpflichtige pl, Rekruten pl

4. esp BRIT ECON, FIN Zahlungsanweisung f, [gezogener] Wechsel, Tratte f fachspr

bank \draft Bankwechsel m, Banktratte f

banker's \draft Bankscheck m

\draft at sight Sichtwechsel m

5. AM see draught

II. n modifier

1. (preliminary) Entwurfs-

\draft budget Haushaltsentwurf m, Haushaltsvorlage f

\draft contract Vertragsentwurf m

\draft law Gesetzesvorlage f/-entwurf m

\draft letter Entwurf m eines Briefes [o Schreibens]

to be still in the \draft stages sich akk noch im Entwurfsstadium befinden

2. esp AM (relating to military conscription) Einberufungs-, Aufgebots- SCHWEIZ

\draft board Wehrersatzbehörde f, Musterungskommission f, Stellungskommission f ÖSTERR

district \draft board Kreiswehrersatzamt nt, regionale Stellungskommission ÖSTERR

\draft exemption Befreiung f vom Wehrdienst [o SCHWEIZ a. Militärdienst

III. vt

1. (prepare)

▪ to \draft sth etw entwerfen [o skizzieren]

to \draft a bill [or law] einen Gesetzentwurf verfassen

to \draft a contract einen Vertrag aufsetzen

to \draft a plan einen Plan entwerfen

to \draft a proposal einen Vorschlag ausarbeiten

2. esp AM MIL

▪ to \draft sb jdn einziehen [o einberufen]

to \draft sb into the army jdn zum Wehrdienst einberufen

3. SPORT, NAUT

▪ to \draft sth im Kielwasser von etw dat schwimmen

draught, AM usu draft

[drɑ:ft, AM dræft]

I. n

1. (air current) [Luft]zug m kein pl

there's a \draft every time that door is opened jedes Mal, wenn die Tür aufgeht, zieht es

to feel the \draft ( fig) in der Klemme sitzen fam

he's feeling the \draft right now ihm geht allmählich das Geld aus

to sit in a \draft im Zug sitzen

2. ( form: act of drinking) Zug m kein pl, Schluck m kein pl

a \draft of beer ein Schluck Bier

3. PHARM ( dated) Dosis f

4. no pl

on \draft vom Fass

beer on \draft Fassbier nt, Bier nt vom Fass

5. (of ship) Tiefgang m kein pl

6. BRIT, AUS (game)

▪ \drafts pl Damespiel nt, Dame

to play \draft Dame spielen

II. adj attr, inv

1. (in cask) vom Fass, Fass-

\draft beer Bier nt vom Fass, Fassbier nt

2. (used for pulling loads) Zug-

\draft animal Zugtier nt

* * *
I (US) [drAːft]
n

1) (Luft)zugm; (= through draught) Durchzugm; (for fire) Zugm

there's a terrible draught in here — hier zieht es fürchterlich

I'm sitting in a draught — ich sitze im Zug

are you in a draught? — ziehts Ihnen?

there's a draught blowing round the back of my neck —

open the flues to increase the draught — mach die Klappen auf, damit der Ofen mehr Zug bekommt

he's beginning to feel the draught (fig inf) — ihm wird allmählich das Geld knapp

2) (= swallow, drink) Zugm

a draught of mead — ein Schluck m Met

3) (= draught beer) Fassbiernt

on draught — vom Fass

4) (NAUT) Tiefgangm

5) (MED)

sleeping draught — Schlaftrunk m

6) (of fish) Fischzugm

7) pl (Brit: game) Damespielnt; (+pl vb = pieces) Damesteinepl

8) (= rough sketch) = draft

See:

= draft
II [drAːft]
1. n

1) (= rough outline) Entwurfm (also Comput)

2) (FIN, COMM) Wechselm, Trattef

3) (MIL: group of men) Sonderkommandont

4) (US MIL = group of conscripts) Rekrutenpl; (= conscription) Einberufung (zum Wehrdienst)

5)

See:

= draught

6) (COMPUT) Entwurfm; (printer command) Entwurfsqualitätf, Draft(druck)m

2. vt

1) letter, speech, bill, contract entwerfen

2) (US MIL) conscript einziehen, einberufen (into zu)

to draught sb to do sth (Mil) (fig) — jdn dazu abkommandieren, etw zu tun jdn beauftragen, etw zu tun

he was draughted into the England squad — er wurde für die englische Nationalmannschaft aufgestellt

3. attr (COMPUT)
Draft-
draught mode — Draft-Modus m, Draftmodus m

* * *

draft, besonders Br (für 3, 5, 14, 22, 23) draught [drɑːft; US dræft]

A s

1. Skizze f, Zeichnung f

2. Entwurf m:

a) Skizze f (für eine künstlerische Arbeit)

b) Riss m (für Bauten, Maschinen etc)

c) Konzept n (für ein Schriftstück etc):

draft agreement Vertragsentwurf;

draft law Gesetzentwurf

3. (Luft-, Kessel-, Ofen)Zug m:

there is an awful draft es zieht fürchterlich;

feel the draught Br umg den Wind im Gesicht spüren fig, in finanziellen Nöten sein;

sit in a draft im Zug sitzen;

protect a plant from drafts eine Pflanze vor Zugluft schützen

4. TECH Zugreguliervorrichtung f (an einem Ofen etc)

5. a) Ziehen n

b) gezogene Menge oder Last

6. fig Heranziehen n, Inanspruchnahme f, starke Beanspruchung ( alle:

on, upon gen):

make a draft on Hilfsmittel etc heranziehen, in Anspruch nehmen;

make a draft on sb’s friendship jemandes Freundschaft in Anspruch nehmen

7. Abhebung f (von Geld):

make a draft on one’s account Geld von seinem Konto abheben

8. WIRTSCH

a) schriftliche Zahlungsanweisung

b) Scheck m

c) Tratte f, (trassierter) Wechsel

d) Ziehung f, Trassierung f:

draft (payable) at sight Sichttratte, -wechsel;

make out a draft on sb auf jemanden einen Wechsel ziehen

9. Abordnung f, Auswahl f, (von Personen)

10. MIL US

a) Einberufung f, Einziehung f

b) Aufgebot n, Wehrdienstpflichtige pl

11. MIL

a) (Sonder)Kommando n, (abkommandierte) Abteilung

b) Ersatz(truppe) m(f)

12. WIRTSCH

a) Überschlag m (der Waage)

b) Gutgewicht n (für Verluste beim Auswiegen etc)

13. Gießerei: Verjüngung f, Konizität f (des Modells)

14. SCHIFF Tiefgang m

15. → draught A

B v/t

1. entwerfen, skizzieren, ein Schriftstück aufsetzen, abfassen

2. (fort-, ab-, weg)ziehen

3. Personen (zu einem bestimmten Zweck) auswählen

4. MIL

a) US (zum Wehrdienst) einberufen, einziehen ( into zu)

b) Truppen abkommandieren

5. besonders Eishockey: US einen Spieler draften, sich die Rechte sichern an (dat)

6. Aus Schafe etc aussortieren

C v/i besonders Automobilsport: im Windschatten fahren

D adj

1. Zug…:

draft animal;

draft horse;

draft ga(u)ge TECH Zugmesser m

2. MIL

a) US Einberufungs…:

draft act Rekrutierungsgesetz n;

draft board Musterungskommission f;

draft dodger pej Drückeberger m

b) US einberufen

c) abkommandiert

* * *
1. noun
1) (rough copy) (of speech) Konzept, das; (of treaty, parliamentary bill) Entwurf, der; attrib.

draft copy/version — Konzept, das

2) (plan of work) Skizze, die; [Bau-, Riß-]zeichnung, die

3) (Mil.): (detaching for special duty) Sonderkommando, das; (Brit.): (those detached) Abkommandierte Pl.

4) (Amer. Mil.): (conscription) Einberufung, die; (those conscripted) Wehrpflichtige Pl.; Einberufene Pl.

5) (Commerc.): (cheque drawn) Wechsel, der; Tratte, die

6) (Amer.) see draught
2. transitive verb
1) (make rough copy of) entwerfen

2) (Mil.) abkommandieren

3) (Amer. Mil.): (conscript) einberufen

* * *

(US) n.

Zug ¨-e (Schornstein) m. (payable) at sight (banking) n.

Sichtwechsel m. (banking) n.

Tratte -n f. (military) n.

Einberufung f. n.

Ausarbeitung f.

Einziehung (Militär) f.

Entwurf -¨e m.

Scheck -s m.

Skizze -n f.

Trassierung f.

Zahlungsanweisung f.

Zeichnung f.

Ziehung -en f. (into) v.

einberufen v.

einziehen (zu)

(Militär) ausdr. (military) v.

abkommandieren (Militär) v. v.

abfassen v.

aufsetzen (Schriftstück) v.

auswählen v.

entwerfen v.

skizzieren v.

English-german dictionary > draft
13 allgemein

(abgek. allg.)

I Adj.

1. (alle[s] betreffend) general; (üblich) common; (umfassend) overall; stärker: universal; von allgemeinem Interesse of general interest; auf allgemeinen Wunsch by popular request ( oder demand); mit allgemeiner Billigung by common consent; allgemeine Zustimmung finden meet with general approval; allgemeines Mittel universal remedy; allgemeine Redensart generality; allgemeine Wahlen general election(s); allgemeines Wahlrecht universal suffrage; allgemeine Wehrpflicht universal conscription, compulsory military service; allgemeine Schulpflicht compusory education; Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse (abgek. AOK) statutory health insurance company

2. (öffentlich) public; das allgemeine Wohl the common good, the public welfare

3. (ohne Details) Frage, Darstellung: general, generic; im Allgemeinen generally, in general; (im Ganzen) on the whole; das Allgemeine und das Besondere the general and the particular; vom Allgemeinen auf das Besondere schließen infer the particular from the general, instantiate (s. th. [general] in s.th. [special]); das ist mir viel zu allgemein that’s much too general for my taste

II Adv.

1. in general, generally; es ist allgemein bekannt, dass... it’s a well-known fact that..., it is common knowledge that...; allgemein bildende Schulen etwa comprehensive schools, Am. ordinary public schools; allgemein gebrauchtes Wort (alltägliches) word in general use; allgemein gültig universally applicable ( oder valid), general rule; es ist allgemein üblich, dass man... it’s ( oder that’s) common practi|ce (Am. -se) to...; allgemein verbindlich generally binding; allgemein verbreitet widespread, popular; allgemein verständlich comprehensible, simple

2. (Ggs. konkret, detailliert) generally; (oberbegrifflich) generically; allgemein anerkannt generally accepted; allgemein gesprochen generally speaking; allgemein gehalten general; allgemein gebrauchtes Wort (Ggs. speziell) word used in a general sense

* * *

generally (Adv.); common (Adj.); nationwide (Adj.); commonly (Adv.); overall (Adj.); universal (Adj.); general (Adj.)

* * *
ạll|ge|mein ['algə'main]
1. adj
general; Ablehnung, Zustimmung auch common; Feiertag public; Regelungen, Wahlrecht universal; Wehrpflicht compulsory; (= öffentlich) public, general
im Allgemeinen — in general, generally

im allgeméínen Interesse — in the common interest, in the public interest

von allgeméínem Interesse — of general interest

auf allgeméínen Wunsch — by popular or general request

die allgeméíne Meinung — the general opinion, the generally held opinion, public opinion

das allgeméíne Wohl — the common good, (the) public welfare, the public good

allgeméínes Aufsehen erregen — to cause or create a sensation

die Diskussion darüber wurde allgeméín — a general discussion developed

wir sind ganz allgeméín geblieben (inf) — we stayed on a general level

das Allgemeine und das Besondere — the general and the particular

2. adv
(= überall, bei allen, von allen) generally; (= ausnahmslos von allen) universally; (= generell) generally, in the main, for the most part; (= nicht spezifisch) in general terms
seine Thesen sind so allgeméín abgefasst, dass... — his theses are worded in such general terms that...

du kannst doch nicht so allgeméín behaupten, dass... — you can't make such a generalization and say that..., you can't generalize like that and say that...

seine Thesen sind so allgeméín abgefasst, dass... — his theses are worded in such general terms that...

du kannst doch nicht so allgeméín behaupten, dass... — you can't make such a generalization and say that..., you can't generalize like that and say that...

es ist allgeméín bekannt — it's common knowledge

es ist allgeméín üblich, etw zu tun — it's the general rule that we/they etc do sth, it's commonly or generally the practice to do sth

allgeméín verbindlich — generally binding

allgeméín verständlich (adjektivisch) — generally intelligible, intelligible to all; (adverbial) in a way intelligible to all

etw allgeméín verständlich ausdrücken — to express sth in a way which everyone can understand

allgeméín verbreitet — widespread

allgeméín zugänglich — open to all, open to the general public

* * *

1) ((of a name, term etc) referring to several similar objects etc: `Furniture' is a generic term for chairs, tables etc.) generic

2) (general; not detailed: We discussed the plans in broad outline.) broad

3) (publicly owned: common property.) common

4) (of, involving etc all, most or very many people, things etc: The general feeling is that he is stupid; His general knowledge is good although he is not good at mathematics.) general

5) (covering a large number of cases: a general rule.) general

6) (without details: I'll just give you a general idea of the plan.) general

7) (usually; by most people; on the whole: He is generally disliked; He generally wins.) generally

8) (amongst, or by, most people: He was popularly believed to have magical powers.) popularly

9) (in general: Generally speaking, men are stronger than women.) generally speaking

* * *

all·ge·mein

[ˈalgəˈmain]

I. adj

1. attr (alle betreffend) general

\allgemeine Feiertage national holidays

im \allgemeinen Interesse liegen [o sein] to be in everyone's interests [or in the common interest]

von \allgemeinem Interesse sein to be of interest to everyone

\allgemeine Vorschriften universal regulations, regulations applying to everyone

das \allgemeine Wahlrecht universal suffrage

die \allgemeine Wehrpflicht military service

2. attr (allen gemeinsam) general, public

zur \allgemeinen Überraschung to everyone's surprise

das \allgemeine Wohl the common good

\allgemeine Zustimmung finden/auf \allgemeine Ablehnung stoßen to meet with general approval/disapproval

3. (nicht spezifisch) general

die Frage war \allgemeiner Natur the question was of a rather general nature

4.

▶ im A\allgemeinen (normalerweise) generally speaking; (insgesamt) on the whole

II. adv

1. (allerseits, überall) generally

\allgemein bekannt/üblich sein to be common knowledge/practice

\allgemein gültig general, universally applicable

\allgemein verbindlich generally binding

\allgemein verbreitet widespread

\allgemein verständlich intelligible to everybody

\allgemein zugänglich sein to be open to the general public

2. (nicht spezifisch) generally

der Vortrag war leider sehr \allgemein gehalten unfortunately the lecture was rather general [or lacked focus]

eine \allgemein bildende Schule a school providing a general rather than specialized education

* * *
1.
Adjektiv general; universal <conscription, suffrage>; universally applicable <law, rule>

auf allgemeinen Wunsch — by popular or general request

das allgemeine Wohl — the common good

im allgemeinen Interesse — in the common interest; in everybody's interest

im allgemeinen — in general; generally
2.
adverbial

1) generally

es ist allgemein bekannt, dass... — it is common knowledge that...

allgemein zugänglich — open to all or everybody

allgemein bildend — <school, course, etc.> providing a general or an all-round or (Amer.) all-around education

allgemein gültig — universally or generally applicable <law, rule>; universally or generally valid <law of nature, definition, thesis>

allgemein verbindlich — universally binding

allgemein verständlich — comprehensible or intelligible to all postpos.

etwas allgemein verständlich erklären — explain something in a way comprehensible or intelligible to all

2) (oft abwertend): (unverbindlich) <write, talk, discuss, examine, be worded> in general terms

eine allgemein gehaltene Einführung — a general introduction

* * *

allgemein (abk allg.)

A. adj

1. (alle[s] betreffend) general; (üblich) common; (umfassend) overall; stärker: universal;

von allgemeinem Interesse of general interest;

auf allgemeinen Wunsch by popular request ( oder demand);

mit allgemeiner Billigung by common consent;

allgemeine Zustimmung finden meet with general approval;

allgemeines Mittel universal remedy;

allgemeine Redensart generality;

allgemeine Wahlen general election(s);

allgemeines Wahlrecht universal suffrage;

allgemeine Wehrpflicht universal conscription, compulsory military service;

allgemeine Schulpflicht compusory education;

Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse (abk AOK) statutory health insurance company

2. (öffentlich) public;

das allgemeine Wohl the common good, the public welfare

3. (ohne Details) Frage, Darstellung: general, generic;

im Allgemeinen generally, in general; (im Ganzen) on the whole;

das Allgemeine und das Besondere the general and the particular;

vom Allgemeinen auf das Besondere schließen infer the particular from the general, instantiate (s. th. [general] in sth [special]);

das ist mir viel zu allgemein that’s much too general for my taste

B. adv

1. in general, generally;

es ist allgemein bekannt, dass … it’s a well-known fact that…, it is common knowledge that …;

allgemein bildend → allgemeinbildend;

allgemein gebrauchtes Wort (alltägliches) word in general use;

allgemein gültig → allgemeingültig;

es ist allgemein üblich, dass man … it’s ( oder that’s) common practice (US -se) to …;

allgemein verbindlich generally binding;

allgemein verbreitet widespread, popular;

allgemein verständlich comprehensible, simple

2. (Ggs konkret, detailliert) generally; (oberbegrifflich) generically;

allgemein anerkannt generally accepted;

allgemein gesprochen generally speaking;

allgemein gehalten general;

allgemein gebrauchtes Wort (Ggs speziell) word used in a general sense

* * *
1.
Adjektiv general; universal <conscription, suffrage>; universally applicable <law, rule>

auf allgemeinen Wunsch — by popular or general request

das allgemeine Wohl — the common good

im allgemeinen Interesse — in the common interest; in everybody's interest

im allgemeinen — in general; generally
2.
adverbial

1) generally

es ist allgemein bekannt, dass... — it is common knowledge that...

allgemein zugänglich — open to all or everybody

allgemein bildend — <school, course, etc.> providing a general or an all-round or (Amer.) all-around education

allgemein gültig — universally or generally applicable <law, rule>; universally or generally valid <law of nature, definition, thesis>

allgemein verbindlich — universally binding

allgemein verständlich — comprehensible or intelligible to all postpos.

etwas allgemein verständlich erklären — explain something in a way comprehensible or intelligible to all

2) (oft abwertend): (unverbindlich) <write, talk, discuss, examine, be worded> in general terms

eine allgemein gehaltene Einführung — a general introduction

* * *

adj.

abstract adj.

common adj.

general adj.

generic adj.

nationwide adj.

public adj. adv.

generally adv.

generically adv.

popularly adv.

universally adv. präp.

across the board expr.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > allgemein
14 servicio militar obligatorio

(n.) = conscription, compulsory military service, draft, the, military draft

Ex. The author recommends that USA libraries should build up collections of information on conscription into military service (the draft).

Ex. The Italian government has passed a new law abolishing compulsory military service in favour of the creation of a professional army.

Ex. Some librarians have found opposition to the setting up of 'alternative rooms' containing 'movement publications and trade books on women's and gay liberation, the third world, imperialism, yoga, rock music, the draft, prisons, the counter-culture, communes, social change'.

Ex. Military drafts are instated in countries throughout the world, both in times of war and in times of peace.

* * *

(n.) = conscription, compulsory military service, draft, the, military draft

Ex: The author recommends that USA libraries should build up collections of information on conscription into military service (the draft).

Ex: The Italian government has passed a new law abolishing compulsory military service in favour of the creation of a professional army.

Ex: Some librarians have found opposition to the setting up of 'alternative rooms' containing 'movement publications and trade books on women's and gay liberation, the third world, imperialism, yoga, rock music, the draft, prisons, the counter-culture, communes, social change'.

Ex: Military drafts are instated in countries throughout the world, both in times of war and in times of peace.

Spanish-English dictionary > servicio militar obligatorio
15 draft

1. noun
1) (a rough sketch or outline of something, especially written: a rough draft of my speech.) borrador, esbozo

2) (a group (of soldiers etc) taken from a larger group.) reclutamiento

3) (an order (to a bank etc) for the payment of money: a draft for $80.) letra de cambio, giro

4) ((American) conscription: He emigrated to avoid the draft.) servicio militar

2. verb
1) (to make in the form of a rough plan: Could you draft a report on this?) esbozar

2) ((American) to conscript into the army etc: He was drafted into the Navy.) reclutar, llamar a filas

•

- dodge the draft
- draft dodger
- draft evasion
- draftsman

draft

tr[drɑːft]

noun

1 (rough copy - of letter, speech, etc) borrador nombre masculino; (of plot) bosquejo, esbozo; (of plan, project) anteproyecto

2 SMALLFINANCE/SMALL (bill of exchange) letra de cambio, giro

3 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL (conscription) (reclutamiento para el) servicio militar obligatorio

4 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL→ link=draught draught{

transitive verb

1 (letter, document, contract) hacer un borrador de, redactar (el borrador de); (speech) preparar; (plan, plot) esbozar, bosquejar

2 (police) hacer intervenir (in, -); (new staff) contratar (in, -))

3 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL (conscript) reclutar, llamar a filas

adjective

1 (version, copy) preliminar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

draft bill SMALLLAW/SMALL anteproyecto de ley

draft dodger prófugo,-a

draft ['dræft, 'draft] vt

1) conscript: reclutar

2) compose, sketch: hacer el borrador de, redactar

draft adj

1) : de barril

draft beer: cerveza de barril

2) : de tiro

draft horses: caballos de tiro

draft n

1) haulage: tiro m

2) drink, gulp: trago m

3) outline, sketch: bosquejo m, borrador m, versión f

4) : corriente f de aire, chiflón m, tiro m (de una chimenea)

5) conscription: conscripción f

6)

bank draft : giro m bancario, letra f de cambio

draft (Beer)

n.

• borrador s.m.

adj.

• de barril adj.

n.

• bosquejo s.m.

• corriente de aire s.m.

• dibujo s.m.

• esquicio s.m.

• matriz s.f.

v.

• bosquejar v.

• minutar v.

• quintar v.

• redactar v.

I dræft, drɑːft
noun

1) c (BrE) draught ( cold air) corriente f de aire

2) c ( formulation) versión f

the final draft of my speech — la versión final de mi discurso

a rough draft — un borrador; (before n)

draft bill — anteproyecto m de ley

3) ( Fin) cheque m or efecto m bancario

4) (AmE)

the draft — ( Mil) el llamamiento or (AmL tb) llamado a filas

II

transitive verb

1) ( formulate) \<\<document/contract/letter\>\> redactar el borrador de; \<\<speech\>\> preparar

2) ( conscript) (AmE) reclutar, llamar a filas

[drɑːft]
1. N

1) (=outline) (in writing) borrador m; (=drawing) boceto m

2) (Mil) (=detachment) destacamento m; (=reinforcements) refuerzos mpl

the draft — (US) (Mil) (=conscription) la llamada a filas, el servicio militar

3) (Comm) (also: banker's draft) letra f de cambio, giro m

4) (Comput) borrador m

5) (US) = draught

2. VT

1) (also: draft out) [+ document] (=write) redactar; [+ first attempt] hacer un borrador de; [+ scheme] elaborar, trazar

2) (Mil) (for specific duty) destacar; (=send) mandar (to a); (US) (Mil) (=conscript) reclutar, llamar al servicio militar; (fig) forzar, obligar

3.

CPD

draft agreement N — proyecto m de (un) acuerdo

draft bill N — anteproyecto m de ley

draft board N — (US) (Mil) junta f de reclutamiento

draft card N — (US) (Mil) cartilla f militar

draft dodger N — (US) (Mil) prófugo m

draft excluder N — (US) burlete m

draft law N — = draft bill

draft horse (US) N — caballo m de tiro

draft letter N — borrador m de carta; (more formal) proyecto m de carta

draft version N — versión f preliminar

- draft in

* * *

I [dræft, drɑːft]
noun

1) c (BrE) draught ( cold air) corriente f de aire

2) c ( formulation) versión f

the final draft of my speech — la versión final de mi discurso

a rough draft — un borrador; (before n)

draft bill — anteproyecto m de ley

3) ( Fin) cheque m or efecto m bancario

4) (AmE)

the draft — ( Mil) el llamamiento or (AmL tb) llamado a filas

II

transitive verb

1) ( formulate) \<\<document/contract/letter\>\> redactar el borrador de; \<\<speech\>\> preparar

2) ( conscript) (AmE) reclutar, llamar a filas

English-spanish dictionary > draft
16 трудовая повинность

1) General subject: corvee, labour service

2) Law: civilian duty, national service, personal service, public works, labour duty

3) Economy: conscription of labour, industrial conscription

4) Politics: labor conscription

5) leg.N.P. labor duty

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > трудовая повинность
17 draft

[drɑ:ft, Am dræft] n

1) ( preliminary version) Entwurf m;

first \draft erster Entwurf, Konzept nt;

preliminary \draft Vorentwurf m;

rough \draft Rohfassung f, Rohentwurf m

2) no pl ( esp Am) ( military conscription) Einberufung f, Einziehung f;

\draft card Einberufungsbescheid m;

\draft order Einberufungsbefehl m

3) no pl ( esp Am) ( conscripted persons) Wehrpflichtige mpl, Rekruten mpl

4) ( esp Brit) econ, fin Zahlungsanweisung f, [gezogener] Wechsel, Tratte f fachspr;

banker's \draft Bankscheck m;

\draft at sight Sichtwechsel m

5) (Am) → draught n

modifier

1) ( preliminary) Entwurfs-;

\draft contract/ law Vertrags-/Gesetzentwurf m;

\draft letter Entwurf m eines Briefes [o Schreibens];

to be still in the \draft stages sich akk noch im Entwurfsstadium befinden

2) ( esp Am) ( relating to military conscription) Einberufungs-;

\draft board Wehrersatzbehörde f, Musterungskommission f;

district \draft board Kreiswehrersatzamt nt;

\draft exemption Befreiung f vom Wehrdienst vt

1) ( prepare)

to \draft sth etw entwerfen [o skizzieren];

to \draft a bill [or law] einen Gesetzentwurf verfassen;

to \draft a contract einen Vertrag aufsetzen;

to \draft a plan einen Plan entwerfen;

to \draft a proposal einen Vorschlag ausarbeiten

2) ( esp Am) mil

to \draft sb jdn einziehen [o einberufen];

to \draft sb into the army jdn zum Wehrdienst einberufen

English-German students dictionary > draft
18 всеобщая воинская обязанность

1) Military: general conscription, universal conscription

2) Law: universal military obligation

3) Diplomatic term: universal military service

4) leg.N.P. general military duty

5) Politico-military term: general duty of the citizens, general universal military service

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > всеобщая воинская обязанность
19 Chronology

15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.

400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.

202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.

137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.

410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.

714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.

1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.

1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.

1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.

1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.

1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).

1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.

1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.

1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.

1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.

1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.

1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.

1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.

1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.

1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.

1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.

1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.

1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.

1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.

1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.

1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.

1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.

1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).

1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.

1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.

1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.

1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.

   King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.

   King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.

1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.

1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.

1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.

   Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.

   Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.

   Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.

1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.

1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.

1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.

1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.

1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.

1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.

1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.

1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.

1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.

1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.

1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.

1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.

1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.

1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.

1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.

1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.

1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.

1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.

1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.

1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.

1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.

1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.

1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.

1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.

1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.

   Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.

   King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.

1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence of

   Brazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.

   Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.

   King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.

1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.

1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.

1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.

1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.

1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.

1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.

   January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.

   Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.

1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.

1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.

1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.

1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.

1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.

   May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.

   March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.

   Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.

1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.

1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January

1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.

1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."

   28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.

   February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.

   April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.

1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.

1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."

1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.

   6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.

   8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.

1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.

1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.

1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).

   January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.

1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.

1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.

1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.

   March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.

   March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.

1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July

1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.

1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).

1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.

1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.

   January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.

   January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.

   November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.

   October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.

   January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.

   May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.

   October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.

   January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).

   United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.

   January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.

   1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).

   May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.

   June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.

   February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.

   January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.

   July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.

2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Chronology
20 военнообязанный

1) General subject: bound to military service, liable for (military) service, liable for military service, registrant, person liable for call-up, person liable to conscription for military service

2) Military: available for call up, available for military service, candidate, commandeered person, conscriptee, draft-age person, eligible for military duty, obligated reservist, obligated volunteer, obligor, person subject to draft, subject to military service, subject to recall, subject to recall (в резерве)

3) Law: bound to service, reservist

4) SAP. draftable, liable to military service, obligated to serve in the military, obliged to serve one tour of duty

5) leg.N.P. draftee, one obligated for military service

6) Labor law: person liable for military service

7) Makarov: liable for service

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > военнообязанный

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